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Torque Formula:
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Torque is a measure of the rotational force applied to an object. It represents the tendency of a force to rotate an object about an axis, fulcrum, or pivot. Torque is calculated as the product of force and the perpendicular distance from the axis of rotation to the line of action of the force.
The calculator uses the torque formula:
Where:
Explanation: The sine function accounts for the angle between the force vector and the lever arm, ensuring only the perpendicular component of the force contributes to the torque.
Details: Accurate torque calculation is crucial in mechanical engineering, automotive design, construction, and various applications involving rotational systems. It helps determine the effectiveness of forces in producing rotation and is essential for proper system design and safety.
Tips: Enter force in newtons (N), lever arm distance in meters (m), and angle in degrees. All values must be valid (force > 0, radius > 0, angle between 0-180 degrees).
Q1: What is the difference between torque and force?
A: Force causes linear acceleration, while torque causes rotational acceleration. Torque depends on both the magnitude of force and its point of application relative to the axis of rotation.
Q2: What is maximum torque?
A: Maximum torque occurs when the angle θ is 90 degrees, as sin(90°) = 1, meaning the force is applied perpendicular to the lever arm.
Q3: What are common units for torque?
A: Newton-meters (Nm) in the SI system, pound-feet (lb-ft) or pound-inches (lb-in) in the imperial system.
Q4: How does angle affect torque?
A: As the angle decreases from 90 degrees, the effective torque decreases. At 0 degrees (force parallel to lever arm), torque is zero.
Q5: Where is torque calculation used in real life?
A: Automotive engines (engine torque), mechanical tools (wrenches, screwdrivers), sports (golf swings, baseball bats), and industrial machinery.